Potato virus y potyviridae does not cause veinal necrosis. Symptoms range from mild to severe mosaic, leaf crinkle, interveinal chlorosisnecrosis, vein necrosis, whole leaf chlorosisnecrosis. Potato mosaic virus treating symptoms of mosaic virus in. Necrotic ringspots render potatoes unmarketable and can therefore result in a significant loss of income. Research is underway to breed for pvy resistant tobacco varieties. Oct 31, 2019 potato virus y pvy is the most economically important viral pathogen of potato worldwide. Symptoms are variable in appearance and severity depending on the variety infected, the isolate of the virus present, age of the plant at the time of infection and environmental conditions. Mixed infections with two or more viruses were also detected. Furthermore, pvy infection can cause seed potato lots to be downgraded or rejected. Primary symptoms from the initial infection may differ from a secondary infection of the progeny plants. The ordinary or common strain of pvy pvyo generally causes observable mosaic symptoms and stunting in most potato cultivars 5,20. Potato virus y detection in seed potatoes using deep learning on hyperspectral images article pdf available in frontiers in plant science 10 february 2019 with 416 reads how we measure reads. Transmission plrv virus is transmitted by aphids, the green peach aphid myzus persicae.
Reducing the impact of potato virus y in solanaceous crops. Potato virus y pvy is the most economically important viral pathogen of potato worldwide. Pdf potato virus y detection in seed potatoes using deep. Potato virus y in potato crops agriculture and food. Pmtv was first reported in britain in 1966 and subsequently discovered in cooler areas of europe, in the andes of south america, and in asia. Its presence has resulted in this disease reemerging to become a. The appearance of pvx was confirmed by a laboratory assay elisa. If there is a date to the left of a region, this is the date the first peach potato aphid was captured in that region. When an aphid feeds on a plant infected with pvy, particles of the virus attach to the aphids mouthparts and when the aphid moves to a healthy plant, the virus is transmitted soon after feeding starts. Potato virus y pvy is considered one of the most serious viral diseases that affect solanaceous crops such as potato, tobacco, pepper, and tomato worldwide. The common strain pvy o is prevalent in maine and the united states. In the potato industry, the use of certified seed is the main control method used to reduce the incidence of pvy.
The border buffers the potato seed lot from the inflight of aphids, because the aphids usually land at the interface between fallow ground and green crop. The virus derived small interfering rnas vsirnas from potato cv. The effects of potato virus yderived virus small interfering. Effective management of pvy is requiring changes to seed certification procedures and grower practices. Managing pvy is difficult as some strains do not produce symptoms on infected potato plants and disease diagnosis becomes difficult. Major potato viruses potato leafroll virus plrv causes an important disease of potatoes affectine the auantitv and quality of production and may cause a. None of the virus x strains thomson 1956 or virus y isolates from new zealand potatoes produced necrotic symptoms on l. Potato virus y pvy is one of the most economically important pathogen of potato that is present as biologically distinct strains. Examining potato virus y pvy university digital conservancy.
Pest profiles whatcom county washington state university. Singh, potato research centre, agriculture and agrifood canada, p. Winter greenhouse serological testing of potato cultivars not readily expressing visual pvy symptoms. Virus and viroid diseases of potato cornell university. This virus causes a range of symptoms in infected potato. Dec 29, 2012 information on potato virus y pvy symptoms and control. The virus is picked up by the colonising aphids during prolonged feeding on a infected tree. Different potato cultivars react to the pathogen differently, resulting in resistant, tolerant or. Information on potato virus y pvy symptoms and control. Once the virus has been detected, steps must be taken to avoid spreading it on your farm. It can cause mosaic on potato leaves, and affect yield and quality. Virus description and symptoms potato virus x is the type member of the potexvirus family of plant viruses.
The appearance of its necrogenic strains in the 1980s made it the most economically important virus of potatoes. Potato virus y potyvirus pvy is commonly found in potato crops. Potato virus y pvy causes disease in potatoes and other solanaceous crops. We examined the effects of temperature on acquisition of potato virus y o pvyo, potato virus a pva, and potato leafroll virus plrv by myzus persicae by performing transmission tests with aphids that acquired each virus at different temperatures. Tobacco plant showing symptoms of the necrotic strain of potato virus y pvy. Most common symptoms seen in the field will be due to secondary tuberborne infection and include stunting, leaf mottling, crinkling, yellowing and necrosis. As with other potato viruses, the best management method for pvy is to avoid introduction of the virus to your fields.
Pvy is one of the two most important viruses infecting potatoes in maine and elsewhere. Potato virus y management for the seed potato producer. Potato virus y background potyviridae potyvirus particles. Multiomics analysis of tolerant interaction of potato with.
Therefore, breeding resistant cultivars is the best way to control. Central oregon agricultural research center 2001 annual report. Tiziana mascia, donato gallitelli, in plant virushost interaction, 2014. This is due to the strain type of pvy causing the infection and the potato variety. The mildest of these symptoms is production loss, but the most detrimental is potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease. Feb, 2017 potato leaf roll virus symptoms include upward rolling of leaves 7. Potato virus y pvy is an aphidtransmitted virus that causes disease in numerous solanaceous crops including tomato, pepper, tobacco, and potato. There are multiple strains of the virus including the common strain, pvyo, which causes mosaic symptoms in most hosts. Detection and sequencing of potato virus y pvy and potato leafroll. Potato virus a pva was not detected in any of the samples tested.
Potato plant showing mosaic and stunting symptoms due to infection with potato virus y. There are at least three strains of potato virus y pvy n, pvy c, and pvy o. Screening for resistance to pvy in australian potato germplasm. Potato virus y potyvirus is commonly found in potato crops. The field experiment was carried out with three varieties of potatoes. The aphids acquire the virus by feeding on an infected plant for. For more information on border crops see management of potato virus y pvy in wisconsin seed production. Aphid monitoring potato virus y pvy is a serious threat to high grade seed potato production because even low levels of pvy will downgrade seed. The virus is also a major cause of seed potato degeneration, which leads to regular flushing out of seed potatoes after limited field production cycles. Latent mosaic, or potato virus x, may produce no visible symptoms depending upon the. Potato virus research and the csu plant diagnostic clinic ana cristina fulladolsa research fellow bioagricultural sciences and pest management. Viruses free fulltext potato virus y infection alters. Primary symptoms of pvy o and pvy c may be severe mosaic or leaflet. A, healthy top left and potato virus y pvyinfected leaves expressing the range of symptoms commonly observed on various potato varieties and.
Youngest leaves may be mottled or distorted and petioles lower on the plant become brittle and leaves fall off or hang by a thread. The two most important potato viruses are the potato leafroll virus plrv and. Symptoms vary widely between virus strain and potato variety. Potato virus y is the most economically important and devastating aphidtransmitted virus, affecting both tuber yield and quality. Pvy is transmitted nonpersistently by noncolonising aphid vectors figure 1, resulting in rapid acquisition and transmission of the virus. Potato virus y management for the seed potato producer by phillip nolte, juan m. Potato can be infected by more than 30 rna viruses salazar 1996, among which are transmitted by aphids brunt and loebenstein 2001. Recently, strains of pvy which can cause necrosis dead spots on leaves and in tubers have been discovered, creating more concern about this widespread virus. Potato plants at highest risk of potato virus y infection. Depending on virus strain and potato variety, symptoms vary from mild mosaic to severe foliar necrosis to plant death. Symptoms of potato viruses x, y, and a on arran chief. Distribution of potato leafroll virus plrv and potato virus y pvy n in a field experiment.
Symptoms caused by potato virus y pvy vary quite extensively in appearance and also severity, from negligible to severe. Pvy infection of potato plants results in a variety of symptoms depending on the viral strain. Leaflet of green mountain potato plant infected with mild mosaic virus. Pvy cause 10100% yield loss on potato and 3975% on. Characterization of potato virus y pvy molecular determinants. Plants often do not exhibit symptoms, but the virus can cause symptoms of chlorosis, mosaic, decreased leaf size, and necrotic lesions in tubers. A, healthy top left and potato virus y pvyinfected leaves expressing the range of symptoms commonly observed on various potato varieties and caused by various pvy strains. Biological and serological properties of potato virus y isolates in. Major potato viruses potato leafroll virus plrv causes an important disease of potatoes affectine the auantitv and quality of production and may cause a crop to be ineligible for certification. Viral molecular determinants involved in the tobacco vein necrosis tvn symptom induced by necrotic isolates of potato virus y pvy on nicotiana tabacum. Phloem necrosis net necrosis in tuber following currentseason infec tion with leafroll virus 50 figure 26.
Detection and differentiation of potato virus y strains from. Severe yield lossesup to 100 percentare possible from this. Thus, this testplant may be useful for identifying virus a when present in multiple infections with viruses x and y. The three types of recognized mosaic virus in potatoes are latent potato virus x, mild potato virus a, rugose or common mosaic potato virus y. Virus a was also isolated from all 15 auckbnder short top plants tested, including 5 virus y free selections made by the deparlment of agriculture, dunedin. Pvy virions are filamentous, nonenveloped flexuous rods, 730740 nm. Potato diseases are caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas, a viroid, nematode m. Effect of seedborne potato virus y on performance of. We report the isolation and genomic sequences of 32 peruvian isolates of pvy which, together with 428 published pvy genomic sequences, gave an alignment of 460 sequences. Potato virus y pvy, strains o, n and c potato stem mottle spraing of tubers genus tobravirus, tobacco rattle virus trv. Potato virus y pvy is one of the most damaging potato viruses and a serious threat to the successful production of an acceptable seed lot around the world. The potato plant leaf on the left shows symptoms of potato virus y infection compared to the healthy leaf on the right. This virus causes a range of symptoms in infected potato plants, varying with potato varieties figures 1 and 2.
The viruses include potato leafroll virus, potato viruses y, x, a, s, m, and alfalfa mosaic virus, with the first three being the most important. In tobacco it causes mottling or necrotic spotting, in tomato it causes mosaic and slight stunting. Best practice guidelines for seed potato production. Detection and differentiation of potato virus y strains. Pvy is transmitted by aphids and mechanically by machinery, tools and people, and symptoms are variable across cultivars and strains, including being symptomless in some cultivars. Potato virus y pvy is an aphidborne virus that causes yield losses and tuber quality defects in commercial potato crops. Potato virus y pvy is a threat to the potato industry because potatoes infected with. Potato virus y pvy is one of the most prevalent and important viruses in potatoes. Potato virus y infects tomato, potato, pepper, tobacco, and many other plants, including solanaceous weeds. Information on potato virus ypvy symptoms and control. Potato virus y pvy in tobacco fields canadian tobacco. Primary symptoms of pvy o and pvy c may be severe mosaic or leaflet necrosis.
Pvy is an aphidtransmitted virus that affects many crops in the solanaceous family including potato, tobacco, tomato, and pepper, as well as many solanaceous. Symptoms of potato virus a on lycopersicum pimpinellifolium. While virus levels remains low, potato virus y pvyn relative incidence is increasing o trend observed since early 2000s pvyn account for 67% of all virus cases in 2015 80% of virus cases are aphidtransmitted viruses. Mixed infections of cucumber mosaic virus cmv, potato virus y pvy, and cmvsatrna in tomato are frequent in nature and exhibit different disease phenotypes that are the outcomes of synergistic and antagonistic interactions between the causative agents. The whatcom county horticultural pest and disease board develops a list of pest priorities. Potato virus y pvy is a plant pathogenic virus of the family potyviridae, and one of the most important plant viruses affecting potato production. It is common in potatoes in many regions and does not cause significant yield losses.
According to potato specialists in most parts of the world, pvy is currently correspondence. Potato virus y on performance of russet burbank, russet norkotah, and shepody potato. Stunting and foliar mosaic symptoms typical of pvy infection can be seen in russet burbank or red norland varieties. Potato virus y pvy, genus potyvirus, family potyviridae is widely distributed in the potato growing areas worldwide and is the most important virus affecting scottish potatoes. Potato leaves showing symptoms of potato virus x 48 figure 24. Solanaceous, potato virus y in recent years, growers have been reporting increased losses in potato and tobacco across the valley, the state, and the nation, due to potato virus y pvy. Blending infected and healthy seed from different seed lots introduces the. The effects of high temperature on infection by potato virus. Potato virus y detection in seed potatoes using deep learning.
Potato virus y pvy is distributed worldwide and is most important plant virus affecting solanaceous crops in particular potato and tomato. Examining potato virus y pvy in the first field season. Management of potato virus y pvy the learning store uw. Potato virus y pvy is a major agricultural disease that reduces crop yields. Potato virus y pvy is a threat to the potato industry because potatoes infected with pvy have reduced yield and, in some cases, reduced tuber quality. Potato virus y pvy is found worldwide, and is one of the main virus problems for potato growers. Contact transmission, stability, inactivation, and infection sources article pdf available in plant disease 993. This is a list of diseases and disorders found in potatoes. Potato leaf roll virus symptoms include upward rolling of leaves 7. Potato virus y pvy, species potato virus y is the type member of genus potyvirus, the largest group of plant viruses, containing 128 approved and 89 tentative species 30.
Potato virus y is a plant pathogenic virus of the family potyviridae, and one of the most important plant viruses affecting potato production. Biodiversity and epidemiology of potato virus y variants. Symptoms vary widely from mild mosaic of leaves to leaf necrosis and plant death depending on the variety of potato and the strain of the virus. Deteccion y secuenciacion del potato virus y pvy y potato leafroll virus. Russet burbank individually infected with pvyn, pvyntn and pvyo strains were recently characterized. Potato virus y detection in seed potatoes using deep. Pvy symptoms include yellow, light green and dark green mosaic patterns on leaves, leaf drop, brown or black necrotic line patterns often on veins or shoots, necrotic lesions on leaves and stems, rugosity.
Pvy ntn is now the dominant of the 3 pvy strains occurring in the usa. Furthermore, potato virus x pvx symptoms on row 4 disturbed the manual scores of the crop experts. This paper focuses on the detection of pvy virus infected potato plants. For example, coinfection of tobacco by a potexvirus, potato virus x, and a potyvirus, potato virus y, enhances symptoms and allows for more pvx accumulation than respective single infections vance, 1991. In all three hosts the severity of symptoms greatly increases in mixed infections with other viruses, e. The experiment was setup for detection of both bacterial and virus diseases in seed potatoes.
Pvy symptoms vary with strain of the virus, cultivar and environmental conditions. The effects of high temperature on infection by potato. Potato virus y pvy management in tobacco kutsaga research station, airport ring road, harare various pvy symptoms on tobacco what is trb doing to address the pvy issue. The disease, potato moptop, is caused by the virus, potato moptop virus pmtv. Potato virus research and the plant diagnostic clinic. Pmtv is in the viral genus pomovirus and is a furovirus fungustransmitted, rodshaped virus. Potato virus y pvy is one of the most important of the potato viruses, but little is known about the impact on yield of seedborne infection levels below 100%.
Remove any potato plants showing virus symptoms removing virus sources within the crop may help to slow down the spread of the virus to nearby plants especially early in the season. Potato diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Pvs causes mild or no symptoms in most potato varieties. These priorities outline the focus of the pest the board and represent the most economically damaging pest for the countys horticultural crops at a given time. Detection of bacterial diseased plants will be reported separately. Potato virus y rapid test pvy test easy online purchase.
527 1465 834 1396 1121 729 638 1146 614 1602 1204 329 425 539 1581 526 248 385 464 185 539 1388 1236 1438 46 1365 581 638